A matsayin sabon na'urar shigarwa, allon taɓawa a halin yanzu shine mafi sauƙi, mafi dacewa kuma hanya ta dabi'a ta hulɗar ɗan adam da kwamfuta.
Allon taɓawa, wanda kuma aka sani da "touch screen" ko "touch panel", na'urar nunin kristal ce mai inductive wacce ke iya karɓar siginar shigarwa kamar lambobin sadarwa; lokacin da aka taɓa maɓallan hoto akan allon, tsarin amsawa na tactile akan allon zai iya haɗa na'urori daban-daban bisa ga shirye-shiryen da aka riga aka tsara, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don maye gurbin maɓallan maɓalli na inji da ƙirƙirar tasirin sauti da bidiyo ta hanyar allon LCD. Babban wuraren aikace-aikacen allon taɓawa na Ruixiang sune kayan aikin likita, filayen masana'antu, na'urorin hannu, Gidan Smart, hulɗar ɗan adam-kwamfuta, da sauransu.
Rarraba allon taɓawa gama gari
Akwai manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan allon taɓawa da yawa akan kasuwa a yau: allon taɓawa masu tsayayya, allon taɓawa mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin taɓawa da inductive capacitive touch fuska, igiyar ƙararrawa mai ƙarfi, infrared, da lanƙwasawa, digitizer mai aiki da allon taɓawa na gani hoto. Za a iya zama nau'i biyu daga cikinsu, nau'i ɗaya yana buƙatar ITO, kamar nau'in fuska uku na farko, ɗayan kuma baya buƙatar ITO a cikin tsarin, kamar nau'in allo na karshen. A halin yanzu akan kasuwa, allon taɓawa masu tsayayya da allon taɓawa mai ƙarfi ta amfani da kayan ITO sune mafi yawan amfani da su. Mai zuwa yana gabatar da ilimin da ke da alaƙa da allon taɓawa, yana mai da hankali kan allo masu tsayayya da ƙarfi.
Tsarin allon taɓawa
Tsarin allo na taɓawa gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi sassa uku: manyan yadudduka masu ɗorewa masu ƙarfi guda biyu, keɓewar Layer tsakanin masu gudanarwa biyu, da na'urorin lantarki.
Resistive conductor Layer: Na sama substrate an yi shi da filastik, ƙananan substrate da gilashi, kuma conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) an rufi a kan substrate. Wannan yana haifar da yadudduka biyu na ITO, waɗanda wasu keɓancewa ta keɓancewa kusan dubu na inci kauri.
Electrode: An yi shi da kayan aiki masu inganci (kamar tawada na azurfa), kuma ƙarfinsa ya kai kusan 1000 na ITO. (Karfafa taɓawa)
Warewa Layer: Yana amfani da fim ɗin polyester na roba na bakin ciki sosai PET. Lokacin da aka taɓa saman, zai lanƙwasa ƙasa kuma ya ba da damar yadudduka biyu na ITO da ke ƙasa don tuntuɓar juna don haɗa kewaye. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa allon taɓawa zai iya cimma maɓallin taɓawa. fuskar fuska capacitive tabawa.
Allon taɓawa mai juriya
A taƙaice, allon taɓawa mai tsayayya shine firikwensin firikwensin da ke amfani da ƙa'idar fahimtar matsi don cimma taɓawa. resistive allon
Ƙa'idar allo mai juriya:
Lokacin da yatsan mutum ya danna saman fuskar bangon waya, fim ɗin PET na roba zai lanƙwasa ƙasa, yana barin saman da ƙananan kayan ITO su tuntuɓar juna don samar da wurin taɓawa. Ana amfani da ADC don gano ƙarfin baturi don ƙididdige ƙimar daidaitawar axis na X da Y. resistive touchscreen
Fuskokin taɓawa masu jujjuyawa yawanci suna amfani da wayoyi huɗu, biyar, bakwai ko takwas don samar da wutar lantarki ta fuskar allo da karanta ma'anar rahoton. A nan mun fi daukar layi hudu a matsayin misali. Ka'idar ita ce kamar haka:
1. Ƙara Vref akai-akai na wutar lantarki zuwa X+ da X-electrodes, kuma haɗa Y+ zuwa ADC mai girma.
2. Ana rarraba filin lantarki tsakanin na'urorin lantarki guda biyu daidai gwargwado a hanya daga X+ zuwa X-.
3. Lokacin da hannun ya shafi, masu binciken guda biyu suna zuwa cikin batun taɓawa, da kuma yiwuwar saitin X Layer a lokacin taɓawa an nuna wa ADC vx. resistive allon
4. Ta hanyar Lx / L = Vx / Vref, ana iya samun madaidaicin ma'anar x.
5. Hakazalika, haɗa Y + da Y- zuwa ƙarfin lantarki Vref, ana iya samun haɗin haɗin gwiwar Y-axis, sa'an nan kuma haɗa na'urar lantarki ta X+ zuwa ADC mai girma don samun. A lokaci guda, allon taɓawa mai tsayayyar waya huɗu ba zai iya samun haɗin haɗin X / Y kawai ba, amma kuma auna matsi na lamba.
Wannan shi ne saboda mafi girma da matsa lamba, da cikakken lamba, da kuma karami juriya. Ta hanyar auna juriya, ana iya ƙididdige matsa lamba. Ƙimar wutar lantarki ta yi daidai da ƙimar haɗin kai, don haka yana buƙatar ƙididdige shi ta hanyar ƙididdigewa ko akwai sabani a cikin ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na (0, 0). resistive allon
Resistive touch allon fa'ida da rashin amfani:
1. A resistive touch allon iya kawai yin hukunci daya touch batu duk lokacin da ta aiki. Idan akwai abubuwan taɓawa sama da biyu, ba za a iya yin hukunci daidai ba.
2. Fuskar fuska mai juriya na buƙatar fina-finai masu kariya da ƙari mai yawa akai-akai, amma ƙura, ruwa, da ƙazanta ba sa shafar allon taɓawa. resistive touch allon panel
3. Rufin ITO na allon taɓawa mai tsayayya yana da ɗan ƙaramin bakin ciki kuma mai sauƙin karya. Idan ya yi kauri sosai, zai rage watsa hasken kuma ya haifar da tunani na ciki don rage tsabta. Ko da yake an ƙara siriri mai kariyar filastik a cikin ITO, har yanzu yana da sauƙi a kaifafa. Yana lalacewa ta hanyar abubuwa; kuma saboda sau da yawa ana taɓa shi, ƙananan fasa ko ma nakasawa za su bayyana a saman ITO bayan wani ɗan lokaci na amfani. Idan ɗaya daga cikin Layer na ITO na waje ya lalace kuma ya karye, zai rasa matsayinsa na jagora kuma rayuwar allon taɓawa ba zata daɗe ba. . resistive touch allon panel
capacitive touchscreens, capacitive touch fuska
Ba kamar allon taɓawa masu tsayayya ba, taɓawa mai ƙarfi baya dogaro da matsa lamba don ƙirƙira da canza ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don gano haɗin kai. Yafi amfani da shigar da jikin mutum a halin yanzu don yin aiki. capacitive touch fuska
Ƙa'idar allon taɓawa mai ƙarfi:
Fuskoki masu ƙarfi suna aiki ta kowane abu da ke riƙe da cajin lantarki, gami da fatar ɗan adam. (Cajin da jikin ɗan adam ke ɗauka) Capacitive touch screen ana yin su ne da kayan aiki irin su alloys ko indium tin oxide (ITO), kuma ana adana cajin a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa na micro-electrostatic waɗanda suka fi gashi sirara. Lokacin da yatsa ya danna kan allon, ƙaramin adadin na yau da kullun zai kasance daga wurin tuntuɓar, yana haifar da faɗuwar wutar lantarki a cikin wutar lantarki ta kusurwa, kuma ana samun manufar sarrafa taɓawa ta hanyar gano raunin halin yanzu na jikin ɗan adam. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa allon taɓawa ya kasa amsawa lokacin da muka sanya safar hannu kuma mu taɓa shi. hasashe capacitive touch allon
Nau'in rarrabuwa mai saurin gani allo
Dangane da nau'in shigar da shi, ana iya raba shi zuwa capacitance na sama da ƙarfin da aka tsara. Za'a iya raba karfin fuska zuwa nau'ikan biyu: allo mai karfin kai da sikeli na kowa. Allon capacitive mafi gama gari shine misali, wanda ya ƙunshi na'urori masu tuƙi da karɓar na'urorin lantarki. fuskar fuska capacitive tabawa
Fuskar capacitive touch allon:
Surface capacitive yana da nau'in ITO na gama gari da firam ɗin ƙarfe, yana amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ke kusa da kusurwoyi huɗu da fim na bakin ciki wanda aka rarraba a ko'ina a saman. Lokacin da yatsa ya danna kan allon, yatsan ɗan adam da allon taɓawa suna aiki azaman masu caji biyu, suna kusantar juna don samar da capacitor mai haɗawa. Don maɗaukakiyar halin yanzu, capacitor shine jagorar kai tsaye, don haka yatsa yana zana ƙarami kaɗan daga wurin lamba. A halin yanzu yana gudana daga wayoyin lantarki a kusurwoyi huɗu na allon taɓawa. Ƙarfin halin yanzu yana daidai da nisa daga yatsa zuwa na'urar lantarki. Mai kula da taɓawa yana ƙididdige matsayin wurin taɓawa. hasashe capacitive touch allon
Allon tabawa mai iya aiki:
Ana amfani da ɗaya ko fiye da tsararren tsararrun ITO. Waɗannan yadudduka na ITO an tsara su don samar da na'urorin lantarki masu yawa a kwance da a tsaye, kuma kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu zaman kansu tare da ayyukan ji suna jujjuyawa a cikin layuka/ginshiƙa don samar da matrix mai daidaita ma'aunin ji na axis na iya aiki. : Ana amfani da gatura X da Y azaman layuka daban-daban da ginshiƙan haɗin haɗin raka'a don gano ƙarfin kowace naúrar gano grid. fuskar fuska capacitive tabawa
Mahimman sigogi na allon capacitive
Adadin tashoshi: Adadin layin tashoshi da aka haɗa daga guntu zuwa allon taɓawa. Yawancin tashoshi akwai, mafi girman farashi kuma mafi rikitarwa na wayoyi. Ƙarfin kai na al'ada: M+N (ko M*2, N*2); iyawar juna: M+N; shigar da iyawar juna: M*N. capacitive touchscreens
Adadin nodes: Adadin ingantattun bayanai waɗanda za'a iya samu ta samfur. Yawancin nodes akwai, za a iya samun ƙarin bayanai, ƙididdigar da aka ƙididdige su sun fi daidai, kuma wurin sadarwar da za a iya tallafawa ya kasance ƙarami. Ƙarfin kai: daidai da adadin tashoshi, ƙarfin juna: M*N.
Tazarar tasha: nisa tsakanin cibiyoyin tashoshi masu kusa. Yawancin nodes akwai, ƙarami mai dacewa zai kasance.
Tsawon lamba: haƙurin juna kawai yana buƙatar ƙara siginar samfur don adana lokacin samfur. Ƙimar ƙarfin juna na iya samun sigina akan layukan tuƙi da yawa a lokaci guda. Tashoshi nawa ke da sigina ya dogara da tsayin lambar (yawanci lambobi 4 sune mafi rinjaye). Saboda ana buƙatar ƙaddamarwa, lokacin da tsayin lambar ya yi girma, zai sami takamaiman tasiri akan zamewar sauri. capacitive touch fuska
Ƙa'idar allon capacitive na allo capacitive touchscreens
(1) Capacitive touchscreen: Dukansu na'urorin lantarki a kwance da kuma na tsaye ana sarrafa su ta hanyar hanyar ji mai ƙarewa.
Fuskar gilashin allon taɓawa mai ƙarfin ƙarfin da ya samar da kansa yana amfani da ITO don samar da tsararrun lantarki a kwance da tsaye. Waɗannan na'urorin lantarki na kwance da na tsaye suna samar da capacitors tare da ƙasa bi da bi. Wannan capacitance yawanci ana kiransa da ƙarfin kai. Lokacin da yatsa ya taɓa allon capacitive, ƙarfin yatsa zai kasance sama da ƙarfin ƙarfin allon. A wannan lokacin, allon mai iya ɗaukar kansa yana gano ma'ajin lantarki a kwance da kuma a tsaye kuma yana ƙayyade ma'auni na kwance da na tsaye daidai da sauye-sauyen capacitance kafin da bayan taɓawa, sannan Touch coordinates a hade cikin jirgin sama.
Capacitance na parasitic yana ƙaruwa lokacin da yatsa ya taɓa: Cp'=Cp + Cfinger, inda Cp- shine ƙarfin parasitic.
Ta hanyar gano canjin ƙarfin ƙarfin parasitic, ana ƙayyade wurin da yatsa ya taɓa. capacitive touchscreens
Ɗauki tsarin ƙarfin kai mai Layer biyu a matsayin misali: yadudduka biyu na ITO, na'urorin lantarki na kwance da na tsaye suna ƙasa bi da bi don samar da ƙarfin kai, da tashoshin sarrafa M+N. ips LCD capacitive touch allon
Don fuska mai ƙarfin kai, idan taɓawa ɗaya ce, tsinkayar a cikin kwatancen X-axis da Y-axis na musamman ne, kuma haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar ma na musamman ne. Idan an taɓa maki biyu akan allon taɓawa kuma maki biyun suna cikin kwatancen axis XY daban-daban, daidaitawa 4 zasu bayyana. Amma a bayyane yake, haɗin kai biyu ne kawai na gaske, sauran biyun kuma galibi ana kiransu da “makiyoyin fatalwa”. ips LCD capacitive touch allon
Sabili da haka, ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin allo mai ƙarfin kai sun ƙayyade cewa za a iya taɓa shi ta hanyar aya ɗaya kawai kuma ba zai iya cimma ainihin taɓawa da yawa ba. ips LCD capacitive touch allon
Mutual capacitive touch allon: Ƙarshen aikawa da ƙarshen karɓa sun bambanta kuma suna haye a tsaye. capacitive Multi touch
Yi amfani da ITO don yin na'urorin lantarki masu jujjuyawa da na'urorin lantarki masu tsayi. Bambanci da karfin kai shi ne, za a samu capacitance a inda nau’ukan na’urorin lantarki guda biyu suka hadu, wato nau’ukan na’urorin lantarki guda biyu ne suka zama sandunan karfin karfin. Lokacin da yatsa ya taɓa allon capacitive, yana rinjayar haɗakarwa tsakanin na'urorin lantarki guda biyu da ke maƙala da wurin taɓawa, ta haka ne ke canza ƙarfin da ke tsakanin wayoyin biyu. capacitive Multi touch
Lokacin gano ƙarfin juna, na'urorin lantarki na kwance suna aika sigina na tashin hankali a jere, kuma duk na'urorin da ke tsaye suna karɓar sigina a lokaci guda. Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya samun ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfin da ke madaidaicin madaidaicin dukkan na'urorin lantarki a kwance da kuma a tsaye, wato, girman ƙarfin duka jirgin sama mai fuska biyu na allon taɓawa, ta yadda za a iya gane shi. Multi touch.
Ƙarfin haɗakarwa yana raguwa lokacin da yatsa ya taɓa shi.
Ta hanyar gano canjin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, an ƙayyade matsayin da yatsa ya taɓa. CM - hadawa capacitor. capacitive Multi touch
Ɗauki tsarin ƙarfin kai mai Layer biyu a matsayin misali: yadudduka biyu na ITO sun mamaye juna don samar da capacitors M*N da tashoshin sarrafawa na M+N. capacitive Multi touch
Fasahar taɓawa da yawa ta dogara ne akan allon taɓawa masu jituwa da juna kuma an raba su zuwa Multi-TouchGesture da Multi-Touch All-Point fasaha, wanda shine ƙwarewar taɓawa da yawa na jagorar motsi da matsayi taɓa yatsa. Ana amfani da shi sosai wajen gane alamar wayar hannu da taɓa yatsa goma. Wurin jira. Ba wai kawai za a iya gane motsin rai da sanin yatsa da yawa ba, har ma ana ba da izinin sauran nau'ikan taɓawar da ba na yatsa ba, da kuma ganewa ta amfani da dabino, ko ma hannaye sanye da safar hannu. Hanyar duban-duka-duka-duka-duka tana buƙatar dubawa daban-daban da gano wuraren haɗin yanar gizo na kowane layi da ginshiƙi na allon taɓawa. Yawan sikanin shine samfurin adadin layuka da adadin ginshiƙai. Misali, idan allon taɓawa ya ƙunshi layuka M da ginshiƙan N, yana buƙatar dubawa. Matsakanin tsaka-tsakin lokutan M*N ne, domin a iya gano canjin kowane ƙarfin juna. Lokacin da aka sami taɓa yatsa, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar yana raguwa don tantance wurin kowane wurin taɓawa. capacitive Multi touch
Nau'in tsarin tsarin allo mai ƙarfi
An kasu kashi na asali na allon zuwa matakai uku daga sama zuwa kasa, gilashin kariya, tabawa, da allon nuni. A lokacin aikin samar da allon wayar hannu, gilashin kariya, allon taɓawa, da allon nuni suna buƙatar haɗawa sau biyu.
Tun da gilashin karewa, allon taɓawa, da allon nuni suna tafiya ta hanyar lalata kowane lokaci, ƙimar yawan amfanin ƙasa za a ragu sosai. Idan za'a iya rage adadin laminations, babu shakka za'a inganta ƙimar cikakken lamination. A halin yanzu, masana'antun da suka fi ƙarfin nunin nuni suna son haɓaka hanyoyin On-Cell ko In-Cell, wato, suna ƙoƙarin yin abin taɓawa akan allon nuni; yayin da masana'antun taɓawa ko masana'antun kayan haɓakawa sukan fifita OGS, wanda ke nufin an yi Layer taɓawa akan gilashin kariya. capacitive Multi touch
In-Cell: yana nufin hanyar shigar da ayyukan taɓawa zuwa piksels na ruwa kristal, wato, haɗa ayyukan firikwensin taɓawa a cikin allon nuni, wanda zai iya sa allon ya yi laushi da haske. A lokaci guda, allon In-Cell dole ne a sanya shi tare da madaidaicin IC tabawa, in ba haka ba zai iya haifar da kuskuren sigina na ji na taɓawa ko yawan hayaniya. Saboda haka, In-Cell allon suna da kansu zalla. capacitive Multi touch
On-Cell: yana nufin hanyar shigar da allon taɓawa tsakanin maɓallin tace launi da polarizer na allon nuni, wato tare da firikwensin taɓawa akan panel LCD, wanda ba shi da wahala sosai fiye da fasahar Cell. Don haka, allon taɓawa da aka fi amfani da shi akai-akai a kasuwa shine allon taɓawa. ips capacitive touch allon
OGS (Maganin Gilashi ɗaya): Fasahar OGS tana haɗa allon taɓawa da gilashin karewa, sutura cikin gilashin kariyar tare da layin gudanarwa na ITO, kuma yana yin sutura da hoto na hoto kai tsaye akan gilashin kariya. Tun da gilashin kariya na OGS da allon taɓawa suna haɗuwa tare, yawanci suna buƙatar ƙarfafawa da farko, sa'an nan kuma mai rufi, etched, kuma a ƙarshe yanke. Yanke gilashin mai zafi ta wannan hanya yana da matukar wahala, yana da tsada mai tsada, ƙarancin amfanin ƙasa, kuma yana haifar da wasu fasalolin gashi a gefuna na gilashin, wanda ke rage ƙarfin gilashin. ips capacitive touch allon
Kwatanta fa'idodi da rashin amfani na allon taɓawa capacitive:
1. Dangane da bayyanar allo da tasirin gani, OGS shine mafi kyawun, sannan In-Cell da On-Cell. ips capacitive touch allon
2. Bakin ciki da haske. Gabaɗaya magana, In-Cell shine mafi sauƙi kuma mafi sira, sai OGS. On-Cell ya ɗan fi na farko muni.
3. Dangane da ƙarfin allo (juriyawar tasiri da juriya), On-Cell shine mafi kyau, OGS shine na biyu, kuma In-Cell shine mafi muni. Ya kamata a nuna cewa OGS kai tsaye yana haɗa gilashin kariya na Corning tare da Layer taɓawa. Tsarin sarrafawa yana raunana ƙarfin gilashin kuma allon yana da rauni sosai.
4. Dangane da taɓawa, ƙwarewar taɓawa na OGS ya fi na On-Cell / In-Cell fuska. Dangane da tallafi don taɓawa da yawa, yatsu, da Stylus Stylus, OGS a zahiri ya fi In-Cell/On-Cell kyau. Cell's. Bugu da ƙari, saboda allon In-Cell yana haɗa kai tsaye Layer touch Layer da ruwa crystal Layer, jin amo yana da girma sosai, kuma ana buƙatar guntu na musamman don tacewa da sarrafa gyara. Fuskokin OGS ba su dogara da kwakwalwan kwamfuta ba.
5. Bukatun fasaha, In-Cell / On-Cell sun fi rikitarwa fiye da OGS, kuma sarrafa sarrafawa ya fi wuya. ips capacitive touch allon
Matsayin allo na taɓawa da abubuwan haɓakawa
Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban fasaha, allon taɓawa ya samo asali daga fuska mai tsayayya a baya zuwa fuska mai ƙarfi wanda yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai. A zamanin yau, Incell da Incell touch screen sun dade suna mamaye kasuwannin yau da kullun kuma ana amfani da su sosai a fannoni daban-daban kamar wayar hannu, kwamfutar hannu, da motoci. Iyaka na al'ada capacitive fuska sanya daga ITO film suna zama mafi bayyananne, kamar high juriya, sauki karya, wuya a kai, da dai sauransu Musamman a lankwasa ko lankwasa ko m al'amuran, da conductivity da haske watsa capacitive fuska matalauta. . Domin biyan buƙatun kasuwa na manyan allo na taɓawa da kuma buƙatun masu amfani don allon taɓawa wanda ya fi sauƙi, sirara kuma mafi kyau don riƙewa, allon taɓawa mai lanƙwasa da nannadewa sun fito kuma a hankali ana amfani da su a cikin wayoyin hannu, allon taɓa mota, kasuwannin ilimi, taron bidiyo, da dai sauransu. Lanƙwasa saman nadawa m taɓawa yana zama yanayin ci gaba na gaba. ips capacitive touch allon
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-13-2023