Aiki na ruwa crystal nuni ikon samar da kewaye shi ne yafi maida da 220V mains ikon zuwa daban-daban barga kai tsaye igiyoyin ruwa da ake bukata domin aiki na ruwa crystal nuni, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki aiki ga daban-daban iko da'irori, dabaru da'irori, iko bangarori, da dai sauransu .a cikin nunin kristal na ruwa, da kwanciyar hankalin sa Yana shafar kai tsaye ko LCD na iya aiki akai-akai.
1. Tsarin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa crystal nuni
Ruwan kristal nuni ikon samar da wutar lantarki galibi yana haifar da 5V, 12V ƙarfin aiki.Daga cikin su, ƙarfin lantarki na 5V ya fi ba da wutar lantarki mai aiki don kewayar dabaru na babban jirgi da fitilun masu nuna alama akan sashin aiki;Wutar lantarki ta 12V galibi tana samar da wutar lantarki mai aiki don babban ƙarfin lantarki da allon direba.
Wutar wutar lantarki ta ƙunshi da'ira mai tacewa, gada mai gyara matattarar wutar lantarki, da'irar canji mai mahimmanci, sauya mai canzawa, da'ira mai tacewa, da'irar kariya, da'irar farawa mai laushi, mai sarrafa PWM da sauransu.
Daga cikin su, aikin da'irar matattarar AC shine kawar da tsangwama mai yawa a cikin manyan hanyoyin sadarwa (daidaitaccen tsarin tacewa gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi resistors, capacitors da inductor);aikin da'irar tace mai gyara gada shine canza 220V AC zuwa 310V DC;Canja da'ira Ayyukan da'irar tacewa na gyaran gyare-gyare shine canza ƙarfin DC na kusan 310V ta hanyar bututu mai sauyawa da mai canzawa zuwa ƙarfin bugun jini na amplitudes daban-daban;aikin da'irar tacewa ta gyaran gyare-gyare shine don canza fitarwar ƙarfin bugun bugun jini ta hanyar mai canzawa zuwa ainihin ƙarfin lantarki na 5V da ake buƙata ta kaya bayan gyarawa da tacewa da 12V;Ayyukan da'irar kariya ta overvoltage shine don guje wa lalacewar bututun sauyawa ko wutar lantarki da ke haifar da mummunan kaya ko wasu dalilai;aikin mai kula da PWM shine don sarrafa sauyawa na bututu mai sauyawa da sarrafa kewaye bisa ga ƙarfin amsawa na kewayen kariya.
Na biyu, ka'idar aiki na ruwa crystal nuni da'ira samar da wutar lantarki
Wurin samar da wutar lantarki na nunin kristal ruwa gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar yanayin kewayawa.Wannan da'irar wutar lantarki tana canza wutar lantarki ta AC 220V zuwa wutar lantarki ta DC ta hanyar gyarawa da kuma tacewa, sannan a yanke ta da bututu mai sauyawa sannan ta sauka ta hanyar mai saurin mitar wutar lantarki don samun wutar lantarki mai girman mita hudu.Bayan gyarawa da tacewa, ana fitar da wutar lantarki ta DC da kowane module na LCD ke buƙata.
Mai zuwa yana ɗaukar nunin kristal ruwa AOCLM729 azaman misali don bayyana ƙa'idar aiki na da'irar samar da wutar lantarki.Da'irar wutar lantarki ta AOCLM729 ruwa crystal nuni yawanci ya ƙunshi AC tace kewayawa, da'irar gyara gada, da'irar farawa mai laushi, da'irar canji mai mahimmanci, da'irar tacewa mai daidaitawa, da'irar kariyar overvoltage da sauransu.
Hoton zahiri na allon kewayawa na wutar lantarki:
Jadawalin da'irar wutar lantarki:
- AC tace kewaye
Ayyukan da'irar tacewar AC shine tace amo da layin shigar AC ya gabatar da kuma danne hayaniyar martani da aka haifar a cikin wutar lantarki.
Hayaniyar da ke cikin wutar lantarki ta ƙunshi hayaniyar yanayin gama gari da hayaniyar al'ada.Domin samar da wutan lantarki na lokaci-lokaci, akwai wayoyi masu wuta na AC guda 2 da waya ta ƙasa 1 a gefen shigarwa.Hayaniyar da ke haifarwa tsakanin layukan wutar AC guda biyu da wayar ƙasa a gefen shigar da wutar ita ce hayaniyar gama gari;hayaniyar da ke haifarwa tsakanin layukan wutar AC guda biyu shine hayaniya ta al'ada.Ana amfani da da'ira mai tace AC don tace waɗannan nau'ikan surutu guda biyu.Bugu da kari, yana kuma aiki azaman kariya ta wuce gona da iri da kariyar wuce gona da iri.Daga cikin su, ana amfani da fis don kariya ta wuce gona da iri, kuma ana amfani da varistor don kariya ta wuce gona da iri.Hoton da ke ƙasa shine zane-zane na da'irar tace AC.
A cikin adadi, inductor L901, L902, da capacitors C904, C903, C902, da C901 sun samar da tacewa ta EMI.Ana amfani da inductor L901 da L902 don tace ƙaramar amo na gama gari;Ana amfani da C901 da C902 don tace ƙaramar ƙararrawa na al'ada;Ana amfani da C903 da C904 don tace babban amo na gama gari da amo na al'ada (tsangwama mai girma na lantarki);Ana amfani da resistor mai iyakance na yanzu R901 da R902 don fitar da capacitor lokacin da aka cire filogin wutar lantarki;Ana amfani da inshora F901 don kariya ta wuce gona da iri, kuma ana amfani da varistor NR901 don shigar da ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki.
Lokacin da aka shigar da filogin wutar lantarki na nunin kristal a cikin soket ɗin wutar lantarki, 220V AC yana wucewa ta fuse F901 da varistor NR901 don hana tasirin haɓaka, sannan ya wuce ta kewayen da ke kunshe da capacitors C901, C902, C903, C904, resistors R901, R902, da inductor L901, L902.Shigar da da'irar gyara gada bayan da'irar hana tsangwama.
2. Gadar gyara tace kewaye
Aikin na'ura mai gyaran gadar tacewa shine canza wutar lantarki mai karfin 220V AC zuwa wutar lantarki ta DC bayan an gyara cikakken kalaman, sannan a maida wutar lantarkin zuwa sau biyu na babban wutar lantarki bayan tacewa.
Da'irar tace mai gyara gada ta ƙunshi babban gada mai gyara gada DB901 da tace capacitor C905.
A cikin wannan adadi, mai gyara gada yana kunshe da diodes masu gyara 4, kuma capacitor na tace shine capacitor 400V.Lokacin da aka tace mains 220V AC, yana shiga gada mai gyarawa.Bayan gyaran gada ya yi gyaran fuska mai cikakken igiyar ruwa a kan ma'aunin AC, zai zama wutar lantarki ta DC.Sannan ana juyar da wutar lantarki ta DC zuwa wutar lantarki mai karfin 310V ta hanyar tace capacitor C905.
3. da'irar farawa mai laushi
Ayyukan da'irar farawa mai laushi shine don hana tasirin tasiri na yanzu akan capacitor don tabbatar da aiki na al'ada da abin dogara na wutar lantarki mai sauyawa.Tun da farko ƙarfin lantarki a kan capacitor ba shi da sifili a daidai lokacin da aka kunna da'irar shigarwa, za a sami babban motsi na gaggawa nan take, kuma wannan na yanzu zai sa fis ɗin shigarwa ya busa, don haka kewayawar farawa mai laushi yana buƙatar busawa. a saita.Da'irar farawa mai laushi ya ƙunshi galibin masu farawa, diodes masu gyara, da masu tacewa.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi shine zane-zane na da'irar farawa mai laushi.
A cikin adadi, masu tsayayyar R906 da R907 daidai suke da 1MΩ.Tun da waɗannan resistors suna da ƙimar juriya mai girma, halin yanzu aikin su kaɗan ne.Lokacin da aka fara samar da wutar lantarki kawai, fara aikin halin yanzu da SG6841 ke buƙata yana ƙara zuwa tashar shigarwa (pin 3) na SG6841 bayan an saukar da shi ta hanyar babban ƙarfin lantarki na 300V DC ta hanyar resistors R906 da R907 don gane farawa mai laushi. .Da zarar bututun sauyawa ya zama yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka kafa akan mai canzawa yana gyarawa kuma ana tace shi ta hanyar mai gyara diode D902 da capacitor C907, sannan ya zama ƙarfin aiki na guntu SG6841, da farawa- up tsari ya ƙare.
4. babban kewayawa
Ayyukan babban da'irar sauyawa shine samun ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai tsayi mai tsayi ta hanyar sauya bututu da babban mai canzawa zuwa ƙasa.
Babban da'irar sauyawa ta ƙunshi bututu mai sauyawa, PWM mai kula, mai sauyawa, da'irar kariya ta wuce gona da iri, da'irar kariyar wutar lantarki da sauransu.
A cikin adadi, SG6841 shine mai kula da PWM, wanda shine ainihin tushen wutar lantarki.Yana iya samar da siginar tuƙi tare da ƙayyadaddun mita da madaidaiciyar bugun bugun jini, da sarrafa yanayin kashewa na bututun sauyawa, ta haka ne ke daidaita ƙarfin fitarwa don cimma manufar daidaitawar wutar lantarki..Q903 bututu ne mai sauyawa, T901 mai canza wuta ne, kuma kewayen da ke kunshe da bututun mai sarrafa wutar lantarki ZD901, resistor R911, transistor Q902 da Q901, da resistor R901 shine da’irar kariya ta karfin wuta.
Lokacin da PWM ya fara aiki, fil na 8th na SG6841 yana fitar da raƙuman bugun jini na rectangular (yawanci mitar bugun bugun jini shine 58.5kHz, kuma sake zagayowar aiki shine 11.4%).bugun bugun jini yana sarrafa bututun sauyawa Q903 don aiwatar da aikin sauyawa gwargwadon mitar aiki.Lokacin da bututu mai sauyawa Q903 ke ci gaba da kunnawa / kashewa don samar da motsin motsa jiki, mai canzawa T901 ya fara aiki kuma yana haifar da ƙarfin motsi.
Lokacin da tashar fitarwa ta fil 8 na SG6841 ta kasance babban matakin, ana kunna bututun sauyawa Q903, sannan babban coil na na'ura mai canzawa T901 yana da halin yanzu da ke gudana ta cikinsa, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki da korau;a lokaci guda, na biyu na na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa yana haifar da ma'auni mai kyau da mara kyau.A wannan lokacin, an yanke diode D910 akan sakandare, kuma wannan mataki shine matakin ajiyar makamashi;lokacin da tashar fitarwa ta fil 8 na SG6841 ta kasance a ƙaramin matakin, an yanke bututun mai sauyawa Q903, kuma na yanzu akan babban coil na na'urar mai canzawa T901 yana canzawa nan take.shine 0, ƙarfin electromotive na farko shine ƙananan tabbatacce kuma na sama mara kyau, kuma ƙarfin electromotive na babba da ƙananan ƙananan ana haifar da su akan sakandare.A wannan lokacin, diode D910 yana kunna kuma ya fara fitar da wutar lantarki.
(1) Da'irar kariya ta wuce gona da iri
Ka'idar aiki na da'irar kariyar overcurrent ita ce kamar haka.
Bayan an kunna bututun sauyawa Q903, na yanzu zai gudana daga magudanar zuwa tushen bututun sauya Q903, kuma za a samar da wutar lantarki akan R917.Resistor R917 resistor ne na ganowa a halin yanzu, kuma wutar lantarkin da aka samar da shi yana ƙara kai tsaye zuwa tashar shigar da ba ta jujjuyawar na'urar kwatancen ganowa ta PWM mai sarrafa SG6841 guntu (wato fil 6), matuƙar ƙarfin lantarki ya wuce 1V, shi zai sanya PWM mai sarrafa SG6841 na ciki Tsarin kariyar na yanzu yana farawa, ta yadda 8th fil ya daina fitar da raƙuman bugun jini, kuma bututu mai sauyawa da sauyawar canji sun daina aiki don gane kariya ta yau da kullun.
(2) High ƙarfin lantarki kariya kewaye
Ka'idar aiki na babban yanayin kariyar wutar lantarki shine kamar haka.
Lokacin da grid ƙarfin lantarki ya ƙaru fiye da matsakaicin ƙima, ƙarfin fitarwa na na'urar ra'ayi mai canzawa shima zai ƙaru.Wutar lantarki zai wuce 20V, a wannan lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki regulator tube ZD901 ya rushe, da kuma wani irin ƙarfin lantarki drop yana faruwa a kan resistor R911.Lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki ya kasance 0.6V, transistor Q902 yana kunna, sannan tushen transistor Q901 ya zama babban matakin, ta yadda transistor Q901 shima yana kunna.A lokaci guda, diode D903 kuma yana kunna, yana haifar da 4th fil na PWM mai kula da guntu SG6841 don zama ƙasa, yana haifar da gajeriyar kewayawa na yanzu, wanda ke sa mai sarrafa PWM SG6841 da sauri ya kashe fitarwar bugun jini.
Bugu da kari, bayan da transistor Q902 da aka kunna, 15V reference ƙarfin lantarki na fil 7 na PWM mai kula SG6841 kai tsaye kasa ta hanyar resistor R909 da transistor Q901.Ta wannan hanyar, ƙarfin lantarki na tashar samar da wutar lantarki na PWM mai sarrafa SG6841 guntu ya zama 0, mai kula da PWM yana dakatar da fitar da raƙuman bugun jini, kuma bututun mai sauyawa da na'ura mai canzawa suna daina aiki don cimma kariyar ƙarfin lantarki.
5. Rectifier tace kewaye
Ayyukan da'irar tacewa shine gyarawa da tace ƙarfin fitarwa na taswirar don samun tsayayyen wutar lantarki na DC.Saboda kwararar inductance na na'ura mai canzawa da karu da ke haifar da koma baya na halin yanzu na diode fitarwa, duka biyun suna haifar da tsangwama na lantarki.Don haka, don samun tsattsauran ƙarfin lantarki na 5V da 12V, dole ne a gyara ƙarfin wutar lantarkin na'urar canzawa da tacewa.
Da'irar tace mai gyara ya ƙunshi diodes, filter resistors, filter capacitors, filter inductor, da dai sauransu.
A cikin adadi, ana amfani da da'irar tacewa ta RC (resistor R920 da capacitor C920, resistor R922 da capacitor C921) a layi daya da diode D910 da D912 a ƙarshen fitarwa na biyu na mai canza canjin T901 ana amfani da shi don ɗaukar ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka haifar akan Diode D910 da D912.
Tacewar LC da ta ƙunshi diode D910, capacitor C920, resistor R920, inductor L903, capacitors C922 da C924 na iya tace tsangwama na lantarki na fitarwa na 12V ta hanyar mai canzawa da fitar da ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki na 12V.
Tacewar LC da ta ƙunshi diode D912, capacitor C921, resistor R921, inductor L904, capacitors C923 da C925 na iya tace tsangwama na lantarki na 5V fitarwa na wutar lantarki da kuma fitar da ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki na 5V.
6. 12V / 5V mai sarrafawa mai sarrafawa
Tunda wutar lantarki ta 220V AC ta canza a cikin kewayon kewayon, lokacin da wutar lantarki ta tashi, ƙarfin wutar lantarkin na'urar wutar lantarki shima zai tashi daidai da haka.Domin samun tsayayye 5V da 12V voltaji, mai sarrafawa kewaye.
Da'irar mai sarrafa wutar lantarki ta 12V/5V galibi tana kunshe ne da madaidaicin wutar lantarki mai daidaitawa (TL431), na'urar gani da ido, mai sarrafa PWM, da mai jujjuyawar wutar lantarki.
A cikin adadi, IC902 shine optocoupler, IC903 shine madaidaicin wutar lantarki mai daidaitawa, kuma resistors R924 da R926 sune masu rarraba wutar lantarki.
Lokacin da kewayen wutar lantarki ke aiki, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 12V na fitarwa DC yana rarraba ta hanyar resistors R924 da R926, kuma ana samun ƙarfin lantarki akan R926, wanda aka ƙara kai tsaye zuwa TL431 daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki mai daidaitawa (zuwa tashar R).Ana iya saninsa daga sigogin juriya akan kewaye Wannan ƙarfin lantarki ya isa kawai don kunna TL431.Ta wannan hanyar, ƙarfin lantarki na 5V zai iya gudana ta hanyar optocoupler da madaidaicin ƙarfin lantarki.Lokacin da na yanzu yana gudana ta hanyar optocoupler LED, optocoupler IC902 ya fara aiki kuma ya kammala samfurin ƙarfin lantarki.
Lokacin da 220V AC mains ƙarfin lantarki ya tashi kuma fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki ya tashi daidai da haka, abin da ke gudana ta hanyar optocoupler IC902 shima zai ƙaru sosai, kuma hasken diode mai fitar da haske a cikin optocoupler shima zai ƙaru daidai da haka.Juriya na ciki na phototransistor shima ya zama karami a lokaci guda, ta yadda za a karfafa matakin gudanarwa na tashar phototransistor.Lokacin da aka ƙarfafa matakin gudanarwa na phototransistor, ƙarfin lantarki na fil 2 na PWM mai kula da wutar lantarki SG6841 guntu zai ragu a lokaci guda.Tun da an ƙara wannan ƙarfin lantarki zuwa shigarwar jujjuyawar amplifier na kuskuren ciki na SG6841, ana sarrafa zagayowar aikin bugun bugun jini na SG6841 don rage ƙarfin fitarwa.Ta wannan hanyar, an samar da madauki na ra'ayi na overvoltage don cimma aikin tabbatar da fitarwa, kuma ana iya daidaita ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kusa da fitarwa na 12V da 5V.
ambato:
Optocoupler yana amfani da haske azaman matsakaici don watsa siginar lantarki.Yana da tasiri mai kyau na keɓewa akan shigarwa da fitarwa siginar lantarki, don haka ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin da'irori daban-daban.A halin yanzu, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin na'urorin optoelectronic mafi bambance-bambancen da ake amfani da su.Na'urar gani da ido gabaɗaya ta ƙunshi sassa uku: fitarwar haske, liyafar haske, da haɓaka sigina.Siginar shigar da wutar lantarki yana motsa diode mai haske (LED) don fitar da haske na wani tsayin daka, wanda na'urar daukar hoto ke karba don samar da na'urar daukar hoto, wanda ke kara fadadawa da fitarwa.Wannan yana kammala jujjuyawar wutar lantarki-na gani-lantarki, don haka yana taka rawar shigarwa, fitarwa, da keɓewa.Tun da shigarwa da fitarwa na optocoupler sun keɓe daga juna, kuma siginar siginar lantarki yana da halaye na unidirectionality, yana da kyakkyawar ƙarfin wutar lantarki da kuma ƙarfin tsoma baki.Kuma saboda ƙarshen shigarwa na optocoupler wani abu ne mai ƙarancin ƙarfi wanda ke aiki a cikin yanayin yanzu, yana da ƙarfin ƙin yarda da yanayin gama gari.Don haka, yana iya haɓaka ƙimar sigina-zuwa-amo a matsayin ɓangaren keɓewar tasha a watsa bayanai na dogon lokaci.A matsayin na'urar mu'amala don keɓewar sigina a cikin sadarwar dijital ta kwamfuta da sarrafa ainihin lokacin, yana iya haɓaka amincin aikin kwamfuta sosai.
7. overvoltage kariya kewaye
Ayyukan da'irar kariyar overvoltage shine gano ƙarfin fitarwa na da'irar fitarwa.Lokacin da wutar lantarki mai fitarwa na taransifoma ya tashi ba bisa ka'ida ba, mai kula da PWM yana kashe fitarwar bugun jini don cimma manufar kare kewaye.
Da'irar kariyar overvoltage galibi ta ƙunshi mai sarrafa PWM, na'urar gani da ido, da bututu mai daidaita wutar lantarki.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wannan adadi na sama, ana amfani da bututun mai sarrafa wutar lantarki ZD902 ko ZD903 a cikin tsarin tsarin kewayawa don gano wutar lantarki.
Lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki na biyu na na'urar canzawa ya tashi ba daidai ba, za a rushe bututun mai sarrafa wutar lantarki ZD902 ko ZD903, wanda zai haifar da hasken bututun da ke fitar da haske a cikin optocoupler ya ƙaru sosai, yana haifar da fil na biyu na mai sarrafa PWM. don wucewa ta hanyar optocoupler.Na'urar daukar hoto da ke cikin na'urar ta kasa kasa, mai kula da PWM cikin sauri ya yanke fitar da bugun jini na fil 8, kuma bututun mai sauyawa da na'ura mai canzawa sun daina aiki nan da nan don cimma manufar kare kewaye.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-07-2023